Skip to main content

Cheat sheet for linux



mkdir – make directories
Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY…
eg. mkdir lhnls – list directory contents
Usage: ls [OPTION]… [FILE]…
eg. ls, ls ­l, ls lhncd – changes directories
Usage: cd [DIRECTORY]
eg. cd lhnpwd ­-  print name of current working directory
Usage: pwdvim – Vi Improved, a programmers text editor
Usage: vim [OPTION] [file]…
eg. vim lhn.txtcp – copy files and directories
Usage: cp [OPTION]… SOURCE DEST
eg. cp sample.txt sample_copy.txt
cp sample_copy.txt target_dirmv – move (rename) files
Usage: mv [OPTION]… SOURCE DEST
eg. mv source.txt target_dir
mv old.txt new.txtrm ­ remove files or directories
Usage: rm [OPTION]… FILE…
eg. rm file1.txt , rm ­rf some_dirfind – search for files in a directory hierarchy
Usage: find [OPTION] [path] [pattern]
eg. find file1.txt, find ­name file1.txthistory – prints recently used commands
Usage: historycat – concatenate files and print on the standard output
Usage: cat [OPTION] [FILE]…
eg. cat file1.txt file2.txt
cat ­n file1.txtecho – display a line of text
Usage: echo [OPTION] [string] …
eg. echo I love India
echo $HOMEgrep ­- print lines matching a pattern
Usage: grep [OPTION] PATTERN [FILE]…
eg. grep ­i apple sample.txt wc ­- print the number of newlines, words, and bytes in files
Usage: wc [OPTION]… [FILE]…
eg.  wc file1.txt
wc ­L file1.txtsort – sort lines of text files
Usage: sort [OPTION]… [FILE]…
eg. sort file1.txt
sort ­r file1.txttar – to archive a file
Usage: tar [OPTION] DEST SOURCE
eg. tar ­cvf /home/archive.tar /home/original
tar ­xvf /home/archive.tarkill – to kill a process(using signal mechanism)
Usage: kill [OPTION] pid
eg. kill ­9 2275ps – report a snapshot of the current processes
Usage: ps [OPTION]
eg. ps,  ps ­elwho – show who is logged on
Usage: who [OPTION]
eg. who , who ­b , who ­qpasswd – update  a user’s authentication tokens(s)
Usage: passwd [OPTION]
eg. passwd su –  change user ID or become super­user
Usage: su [OPTION] [LOGIN]
eg. su remo, suchown – change file owner and group
Usage: chown [OPTION]… OWNER[:[GROUP]] FILE…
eg. chown remo myfile.txtchmod – change file access permissions
Usage: chmod [OPTION] [MODE] [FILE]
eg. chmod 744 calculate.shzip – package and compress (archive) files
Usage: zip [OPTION] DEST SOURSE
eg. zip original.zip originalunzip – list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
Usage: unzip filename
eg. unzip original.zissh – SSH client (remote login program)
“ssh is a program for logging into a remote machine and for
executing commands on a remote machine”
Usage: ssh [options] [user]@hostname
eg. ssh ­X guest@10.105.11.20scp – secure copy (remote file copy program)
“scp copies files between hosts on a network”
Usage: scp [options] [[user]@host1:file1] [[user]@host2:file2]
eg. scp file1.txt guest@10.105.11.20:~/Desktop/fdisk – partition manipulator
eg. sudo fdisk ­lmount – mount a file system
Usage: mount ­t type device dir
eg. mount /dev/sda5 /media/targetumount – unmount file systems
Usage: umount [OPTIONS] dir | device…
eg.  umount /media/targetdu – estimate file space usage
Usage:  du [OPTION]… [FILE]…
eg. dudf – report filesystem disk space usage
Usage: df [OPTION]… [FILE]…
eg. dfquota – display disk usage and limits
Usage: quota [OPTION]
eg. quota ­vreboot – reboot the system
Usage: reboot [OPTION]
eg. rebootpoweroff – power off the system
Usage: poweroff [OPTION]
eg. poweroffkate – KDE Advanced Text Editor
Usage:  kate [options][file(s)]
eg. kate file1.txt file2.txtvim – Vi Improved, a programmers text editor
Usage: vim [OPTION] [file]…
eg. vi hello.cgedit ­ A text Editor. Used to create and edit files.
Usage: gedit [OPTION] [FILE]…
eg. geditbg – make a foreground process to run in background
Usage: type ‘ctrl+z’  and then ‘bg ‘fg – to make background process as foreground process
Usage: fg [jobid]jobs – displays the names and ids of background jobs
Usage: jobssed ­  stream editor for filtering and transforming text
Usage: sed [OPTION] [input­file]…
eg. sed ‘s/love/hate/g’ loveletter.txtawk ­ pattern scanning and processing language
eg.  awk ­F: ‘{ print $1 }’ sample_awk.txtfind ­ search for files in a directory hierarchy
Usage: find [OPTION] [path] [pattern]
eg. find ­name file1.txtlocate – find or locate a file
Usage: locate [OPTION]… FILE…
eg. locate file1.txt

Related  Here is How You Can Encrypt your Facebook messages using Secret Conversations

Linux File Permissions

3 types of file permissions – read, write, execute10 bit format from ‘ls ­l’ command
1             2 3 4      5 6 7     8 9 10
file type    owner     group    others
eg. drwxrw­r­­   means owner has all three permissions,
group has read and write, others have only read
permissionread permission – 4, write – 2, execute ­1
eg. rwxrw­r­­   = 764
673    =   rw­rwx­wx

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Kali linux android simply amazing

How to Install and run Kali Linux on any Android Smartphone TUTORIAL FOR INSTALLING AND RUNNING KALI LINUX ON ANDROID SMARTPHONES AND TABLETS Kali Linux is one the best love operating system of white hat hackers, security researchers and pentesters. It offers advanced penetration testing tool and its ease of use means that it should be a part of every security professional’s toolbox. Penetration testing involves using a variety of tools and techniques to test the limits of security policies and procedures. Now a days more and more apps are available on Android operating system for smartphones and tablets so it becomes worthwhile to have  it on your smartphone as well. Kali Linux on Android smartphones and tablets allows researchers and pentesters to perform ” security checks” on things like cracking wep Wi-Fi passwords, finding vulnerabilities/bugs or cracking security on websites.  This opens the door to doing this from a mobile device such a...
Post a Comment
Read more

What is DNS

D NS stands for Domain Name System is used to as the medium to translate domain names to their respective IP addresses when a client initiates a request query. DNS stores the database of all the domain names and their IP addresses which are registered on the network. Most of us are quite familiar with the term DNS or Domain Name System. DNS can be thought of as an attendance register for various websites present over the internet. In the case of DNS, it maintains the database of all the websites Domain Names and their IP (Internet Protocol) addresses that are operational all over the world. Historical Notes The origins of DNS date back to the time of the ARPANET  when there were only a few computers to get an entry in the database. A HOSTS.TXT file was maintained by Stanford Research Institute, which constituted the data of all the machines, and was copied by all the host machines to remain updated. Jon Postel from the Information Sciences Institute requested Pau...
Post a Comment
Read more

How tor works

 Using the publicly available data, data visualization software firm Uncharted has prepared TorFlow — a map for visualizing how TOR’s data looks as it flows all across the world. It shows TOR network’s node and data movements based on the IP addresses of relays bouncing around the connections of users to avoid spying. TOR is the world’s most widely used tool for anonymity purposes . It has grown into a powerful network that’s spread all over the world. Surprisingly, the TOR project is transparent about the location of the TOR nodes and thousands of machines that power the network. This non-profit organization frequently published an updated list about the bandwidth and location of the computers and data centers spread all across the world. Using the same public data,  TorFlow  maps the TOR network’s nodes and data flow all around the world. This data movement is measured based on the IP addresses and bandwidth of the relay computers bouncing around the...
Post a Comment
Read more